УДК 615.12(4)(5)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52540/2074-9457.2021.2.64
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В. В. Кугач
Витебский государственный ордена Дружбы народов медицинский университет, г. Витебск, Республика Беларусь
Целью настоящей работы было изучение зарубежного опыта аптечного изготовления и контроля качества лекарственных средств (ЛС). Проведен анализ источников научной литературы, интернет-источников и собственных наблюдений автора за период с 2005 по 2020год. Установлено, что за рубежом аптечное изготовление ЛС осуществляется для особых потребностей пациентов, когда фармацевтическая промышленность по различным причинам не может их наработать. Существуют различные подходы к нормированию количества производственных аптек за рубежом: от полного запрета аптечного изготовления ЛС в Португалии до обязательного лицензионного требования в Австрии и Германии. Для изготовления лекарственных средств в аптеке организуется лаборатория, в которой размещаются необходимое оборудование, инвентарь, фармацевтические субстанции и вспомогательные вещества и осуществляется технологический процесс. Аптечное изготовление стерильных лекарственных средств выполняется в асептических условиях в специально оборудованном помещении или в ламинарном шкафу. ЛС аптечного изготовления в большинстве стран мира не подлежат регистрации. В США и Европейском Союзе (ЕС) ЛС аптечного изготовления классифицируют на ЛС немедленного применения и ЛС длительного хранения. Для ЛС длительного хранения должны быть установлены сроки годности, в аптеках ЕС на них формируется досье. В аптеках большинства стран мира осуществляется аптечное изготовление ЛС из таблеток и капсул. Большое внимание за рубежом уделяется обеспечению качества аптечного изготовления ЛС: в США аптечное изготовление ЛС осуществляется в соответствии с требованиями Фармакопеи, в ЕС – Резолюции Совета ЕС. В ряде стран разработаны руководства или стандартные операционные процедуры по аптечному изготовлению ЛС. Осуществляется постоянное обучение и оценка компетенций работников, занятых аптечным изготовлением ЛС.
Ключевые слова:
аптечное изготовление, лекарственное средство, система качества, зарубежные страны.
SUMMARY
V. V. Kuhach
PHARMACY MANUFACTURE AND QUALITY CONTROL OF MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS ABROAD
Vitebsk State Order of Peoples' Friendship Medical University Vitebsk, The Republic of Belarus
The purpose of this work was to study foreign experience in pharmacy manufacture and quality control of medicinal preparations (MP). Scientific literature and internet sources analysis, the author's own observations from 2005 to 2020 were made. It has been established that pharmacy manufacture of MPs abroad is carried out for the special needs of patients when pharmaceutical industry cannot produce them for various reasons. There are various approaches to standardization of the number of manufacturing pharmacies abroad: from complete prohibition of pharmacy manufacture of medicinal preparations in Portugal to mandatory license requirement in Austria and Germany. To manufacture medicinal preparations at a pharmacy the laboratory is established where necessary equipment, inventory, pharmaceutical substances and excipients are placed and the technological process is carried out. Pharmacy manufacture of sterile medicinal preparations is conducted under aseptic conditions in a specially equipped room or in a laminar-airflow cabinet. MPs must not be registered in most countries of the world. In the US and the European Union (EU) medicinal preparations are classified into medicines for immediate use and for prolonged storage. Expiration date must be stated for prolonged storage medicinal preparations, a dossier is made for them in the EU pharmacies. Pharmacies in most countries of the world manufacture medicinal preparations from tablets and capsules. Much attention abroad is given to ensure the quality of pharmacy manufacture of medicinal preparations: in the US, pharmacy manufacture of medicinal preparations is carried out in accordance with the requirements of Pharmacopoeia, in the EU according to the EU Council Resolution. A number of countries have developed guidelines or standard operational procedures for pharmacy manufacture of medicinal preparations. Constant training and assessment of employees’ competencies engaged in pharmacy manufacture of medicinal preparations is performed.
Keywords:
pharmacy manufacture, medicinal preparation, quality system, foreign countries.
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Кугач В. В.
Поступила 09.03.2021 г.