УДК 615.45:615.3
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52540/2074-9457.2025.4.90
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Н. С. Голяк, Я. О. Ракова 

РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫЕ МАСЛА КАК ЭКСТРАГЕНТЫ, СПОСОБЫ ИНТЕНСИФИКАЦИИ МАСЛЯНОЙ ЭКСТРАКЦИИ, ФАРМАКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА МАСЛЯНЫХ ЭКСТРАКТОВ

Белорусский государственный медицинский университет, г. Минск, Республика Беларусь

 

В статье представлены и проанализированы основные физико-химические характеристики масел как экстрагентов биологически активных веществ (БАВ) из лекарственного растительного сырья (ЛРС) и их жирнокислотный состав. Процесс традиционной масляной экстракции методами мацерации, перколяции, реперколяции и анфлеража протекает довольно медленно. В статье рассмотрены основные методы интенсификации процесса экстракции: ультразвуковая экстракция, микроволновая экстракция, экстракция сверхкритическими флюидами и экстракция с предварительной ферментативной обработкой ЛРС. Экспериментальное использование этих методов позволяет ускорить процесс экстрагирования и увеличить выход БАВ по сравнению с традиционными методами. Масла благодаря их физико-химическим свойствам способны экстрагировать широкий спектр БАВ, что позволяет получить масляные экстракты, обладающие различными фармакологическими эффектами, такими как антимикробное, антиоксидантное, фотопротективное, противовоспалительное, регенеративное, антиульцерогенное, пробиотическое и венотонизирующее действие.

Ключевые слова: масляная экстракция, растительные масла, экстрагент, интенсификация процесса масляной экстракции, ультразвуковая экстракция, микроволновая экстракция, экстракция сверхкритическими флюидами, ферментативная обработка, фармакологические свойства масляных экстрактов.

 

SUMMARY

S. Golyak, Y. O. Rakova

 VEGETABLE OILS AS EXTRACTANTS, METHODS OF OIL EXTRACTION INTENSIFICATION, PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF OIL EXTRACTS

This article presents and analyzes the main physicochemical characteristics of oils as extractants for biologically active substances from medicinal plant raw material and their fatty acid composition. The process of traditional oil extraction using maceration, percolation, repercolation, and enfleurage is a relatively slow process. This article discusses the main methods for intensifying the extraction process: ultrasoound extraction, microwave extraction, supercritical fluid extraction and extraction with enzymatic pretreatment of medicinal plant raw material. Experimental use of these methods allows to accelerate the extraction process and increase the yields of biologically active substances compared to traditional methods. Due to their physicochemical properties oils are capable of extracting a wide range of biologically active substances allowing for the production of oil extracts with various pharmacological effects such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, photoprotective, anti-inflammatory, regenerative, anti-ulcerogenic, probiotic, and venotonic effect.

Keywords: Oil extraction, vegetable oils, extractant, oil extraction process intensification, ultrasound extraction, microwave extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, enzymatic processing, pharmacological properties of oil extracts.

 

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Адрес для корреспонденции:

220116, Республика Беларусь,

г. Минск, пр-т Дзержинского, 83, корп. 15,

УО «Белорусский государственный

медицинский университет»,

кафедра фармацевтической технологии

с курсом повышения квалификации и переподготовки,

тел. раб.: +375 17 279-42-54,

e-mail: goliakns@mail.ru,

Голяк Н. С.

Поступила  22.12.2025 г.

УДК 615.014.4:543
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52540/2074-9457.2025.4.76
Скачать статью 

В. Б. Климашевич1, А. И. Жебентяев2, Е. А. Янович1

ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ РИСК-ОРИЕНТИРОВАННОГО ПОДХОДА ПРИ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯХ СОВМЕСТИМОСТИ КОМПОНЕНТОВ И СТАБИЛЬНОСТИ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННОГО ПРЕПАРАТА «РАНОЛАЗИН-НАН, 500 МГ»

1Государственное предприятие «АКАДЕМФАРМ», г. Минск, Республика Беларусь

2г. Витебск, Республика Беларусь

 

Описаны результаты оценки совместимости ранолазина со вспомогательными веществами разработанного состава и исследования стабильности лекарственного препарата «Ранолазин-НАН, таблетки пролонгированного действия, покрытые оболочкой, 500 мг». С целью определения оптимальных условий хранения готового продукта, полупродуктов и подбора первичной упаковки изучена фотостабильность и гигроскопичность лекарственного препарата «Ранолазин-НАН, таблетки пролонгированного действия, покрытые оболочкой, 500 мг». Образцы таблеток промышленных серии лекарственного препарата «Ранолазин-НАН, таблетки пролонгированного действия, покрытые оболочкой, 500 мг» переданы для исследования стабильности в первичной упаковке (контурной ячейковой упаковке из алюминиевой фольги и белой двухслойной пленки на основе поливинилхлорида и поливинилиденхлорида (ПВХ/ПВДХ)) и вторичной упаковке (картонной пачке, содержащей четыре контурные ячейковые упаковки с инструкцией по медицинскому применению). Данный вид упаковки обеспечил надлежащую защиту таблеток лекарственного препарата от факторов воздействия окружающей среды, и демонстрирует совместимость между таблетками на основе ранолазина и материалом упаковки. Проведена предварительная оценка и ранжирование рисков для целевого профиля качества лекарственного препарата «Ранолазин-НАН, таблетки пролонгированного действия, покрытые оболочкой, 500 мг» методом FMECA, а также итоговая переоценка рисков после введения плана корректирующих и предупреждающих действий, который позволил эффективно снизить риски с высоких и средних до низких.

Ключевые слова: совместимость, стабильность, ранолазин, фотостабильность, гигроскопичность.

 

SUMMARY

B. Klimashevich, A. I. Zhebentyaev, E. A. Yanovich

USING A RISK-BASED APPROACH IN THE STUDIES OF COMPONENTS COMPATIBILITY AND DRUG "RANOLAZINE-NAN, 500 MG STABILITY

The results of ranolazine compatibility evaluation with the excipients of the developed formulation and the medicinal product "Ranolazine-NAN, prolonged-release film-coated tablets, 500 mg" stability studies are described.

To determine optimal storage conditions for the finished product, intermediates and to select primary packaging, the photostability and hygroscopicity of the medicinal product "Ranolazine-NAN, prolonged-release film-coated tablets, 500 mg" were studied. Samples of tablets from industrial batches of the medicinal product "Ranolazine-NAN, prolonged-release film-coated tablets, 500 mg" were submitted for stability testing in primary packaging (aluminum foil blister packs and a white two-layer film based on polyvinyl chloride and polyvinylidene chloride (PVC/PVDC)) and secondary packaging (a cardboard pack containing four blister packs together with the instructions for medical use). This type of packaging provided appropriate protection of the tablets from environmental factors and demonstrated compatibility between ranolazine-based tablets and the packaging material. A preliminary risk assessment and ranging risks for the target quality profile of the medicinal product "Ranolazine-NAN, prolonged-release film-coated tablets, 500 mg" were carried out using the FMECA method as well as the final risk reassessment following the implementation of a corrective and preventive action plan, which effectively reduced risks from high and medium levels to low levels.

Keywords: compatibility, stability, ranolazine, photostability, hygroscopicity.

 

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Адрес для корреспонденции:

220141, Республика Беларусь,

г. Минск, ул. академика В. Ф. Купревича, 5/3,

ГП «АКАДЕМФАРМ»,

тел./факс: +375 (17) 268-63-64,

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Климашевич В. Б.

Поступила 16.12.2025 г.

УДК 547.556.3+547.826.1+681.7.064.844  
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52540/2074-9457.2025.4.59
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Е. А. Дикусар1, Л. Н. Филиппович1, 3, Т. П. Ахламенок1, Н. В. Богданова2, Е. Н. Маргун1, Н. А. Жуковская1, С. Г. Стёпин4, А. Л. Пушкарчук1, Д. В. Ермак5, С. А. Кутень5

СИНТЕЗ НОВЫХ ХЕЛАТИРОВАННЫХ МЕДНЫХ, ЦИНКОВЫХ, КОБАЛЬТОВЫХ, НИКЕЛЕВЫХ, БАРИЕВЫХ, МАРГАНЦЕВЫХ, ОЛОВЯННЫХ, ИТТРИЕВЫХ И ИНДИЕВЫХ СОЛЕЙ АЗОТСОДЕРЖАЩИХ ГЕТЕРОЦИКЛИЧЕСКИХ КАРБОНОВЫХ КИСЛОТ И ИХ АНТИМИКРОБНАЯ АКТИВНОСТЬ

1 Институт физико-органической химии НАН Беларуси, г. Минск, Республика Беларусь

2 Международный государственный экологический институт им. А. Д. Сахарова Белорусского государственного университета, г. Минск, Республика Беларусь

3Институт химии новых материалов НАН Беларуси, г. Минск, Республика Беларусь

4Витебский государственный ордена Дружбы народов медицинский университет, г. Витебск, Республика Беларусь

5Институт ядерных проблем БГУ, г. Минск, Республика Беларусь

Перспективным методом поиска потенциально биоактивных агентов служит синтез хелатированных солей переходных и непереходных металлов с азотсодержащими гетероциклическими карбоновыми кислотами. В статье представлены результаты синтеза хелатированных медных, цинковых, кобальтовых, никелевых, бариевых, марганцевых, оловянных, иттриевых и индиевых солей 2-фенилхинолин-4-карбоновой, хинальдиновой (2-хинолинкарбоновой) и 4-(9,9-диметил-11-оксо-7,8,9,10,11,12-гексагидробензо[a]акридин-12-ил)бензойной кислот. Состав и строение полученных соединений установлены на основании данных элементного анализа, ИК-спектроскопии и гравиметрии.  Было установлено, что полученные соли обладают слабой или умеренной активностью против штаммов Staphylococcus aureus и Escheriсhia coli.

Ключевые слова: 2-фенилхинолин-4-карбоновая кислота, хинальдиновая кислота, 4-(9,9-диметил-11-оксо-7,8,9,10,11,12-гексагидробензо[a]акридин-12-ил)бензойная кислота, соли меди, цинка, кобальта, никеля, бария, марганца, олова, иттрия, индия, инфракрасные спектры, антимикробная активность, диффузия в агар, квантово-химическое моделирование.

 

SUMMARY 

A. Dikusar, L. N. Filippovich, T. P. Akhlamionok, N. V. Bogdanova, E. N. Margun, N. A. Zhukovskaya, G. Stepin, A. L. Pushkarchuk, D. V. Ermak, S. A Kuten

SYNTHESIS OF NEW CHELATED COPPER, ZINC, COBALT, NICKEL, BARIUM, MANGANESE, TIN, YTTRIUM AND INDIUM SALTS NITROGEN-CONTAINING HETEROCYCLIC CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY

A promising method for searching potentially bioactive agents is the synthesis of chelated salts of transition and non-transition metals with nitrogen-containing heterocyclic carboxylic acids. The article presents the results of chelated copper, zinc, cobalt, nickel, barium, manganese, tin, yttrium and indium salts of 2-phenylquinoline-4-carboxylic, quinaldic (2-quinolinecarboxylic) and 4-(9,9-dimethyl-11-oxo-7,8,9,10,11,12-hexahydrobenzo[a]acridin-12-yl)benzoic acids synthesis. The composition and structure of the resulting compounds were determined using elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and gravimetry. The resulting salts were found to exhibit weak to moderate activity against strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

Keywords: 2-phenylquinoline-4-carboxylic acid, quinaldic acid, 4-(9,9-dimethyl-11-oxo-7,8,9,10,11,12-hexahydrobenzo[a]acridin-12-yl)benzoic acid, copper, zinc, cobalt, nickel, barium, manganese, tin, yttrium, indium salts, infrared spectra, antimicrobial activity, diffusion in agar, quantum chemical modeling.

 

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REFERENCES

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Адрес для корреспонденции:

220072, Республика Беларусь,

г. Минск, ул. Сурганова, 13.

ГНУ «Институт физико-органической химии

Национальной академии наук Беларуси»,

лаборатория химии гетероциклических

соединений,

тел. раб. 8(0-17)-379-16-00,

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Дикусар Е. А.

Поступила 22.12.2025 г.

УДК 615.21/.26:544.42
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52540/2074-9457.2025.4.66
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А. С. Мельников, Р. И. Лукашов, Н. И. Михайлова

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ МЕТОДОВ ОКИСЛИТЕЛЬНОЙ ДЕСТРУКЦИИ ФТОРУРАЦИЛА 

Белорусский государственный медицинский университет, г. Минск, Республика Беларусь

 

В статье рассматривается проблема обезвреживания отходов цитостатических лекарственных средств. Для обезвреживания таких соединений предлагается использование химической деструкции. Объектом исследования выбран широко применяемый в онкологии фторурацил.

Цель работы – на основании хроматографического анализа сравнить методы окислительной деструкции фторурацила.

В качестве основных методов деструкции применяли окисление калия перманганатом и реактивом Фентона. Процесс деструкции контролировали методом высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии.

Полная деструкция фторурацила достигается при окислении калия перманганатом при нагревании. Фторурацил полностью разрушается при окислении 1% раствором калия перманганата в кислой среде при нагревании до 80 °C в течение 1, 2 и 3 ч после смешивания. При использовании калия перманганата сохраняются два хроматографически детектируемых продукта деструкции.

Окисление фторурацила реактивом Фентона при комнатной температуре и нагревании до 65 °C в течение 1 и 3 ч значительно снижает содержание действующего вещества. Полное разрушение фторурацила происходит в течение одной недели без нагревания и в течение одного месяца при нагревании. Продукты окисления фторурацила реактивом Фентона хроматографически не обнаруживаются.

Ключевые слова: цитостатические лекарственные средства, фторурацил, химическая деструкция, высокоэффективная жидкостная хроматография, окисление, калия перманганат, реактив Фентона.

 

SUMMARY

S. Melnikov, R. I. Lukashou, N. I. Mikhailava

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FLUORURACIL OXIDATIVE DESTRUCTION METHODS

This study considers the issue of decontaminating wastes of cytostatic pharmaceuticals. The use of chemical destruction is proposed for decontamination of such compounds. Fluorouracil, widely used in oncology, is chosen as the object of the research.

The aim of the research was to compare fluorouracil oxidative destruction methods based on chromatographic analysis.

Potassium permanganate oxidation and Fenton’s reagent were used as the main destruction methods. The destruction process was controlled by high-performance liquid chromatography.

Complete fluorouracil destruction is achieved by potassium permanganate oxidation under heated conditions. Fluorouracil is fully destroyed during oxidation with a 1% potassium permanganate solution in acidic medium while heating up to 80 °C for 1, 2 and 3 h after mixing. With the use of potassium permanganate two chromatographically detectable destruction products are remained.

Fluorouracil oxidation with Fenton’s reagent at room temperature and at heating up to 65 °C for 1 and 3 h resulted reduces greatly the content of the active substance. Complete fluorouracil destruction occurs within one week without heating and within one month under heating. No oxidation products of fluorouracil formed after treatment with the Fenton’s reagent are detected.

Keywords: cytostatic drugs, fluorouracil, chemical destruction, high-performance liquid chromatography, oxidation, potassium permanganate, Fenton's reagent.

 

ЛИТЕРАТУРА

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REFERENCES

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УО «Белорусский государственный

медицинский университет»,

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Мельников А. С.

Поступила 15.12.2025 г.

УДК 633.88:631.42
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52540/2074-9457.2025.4.42
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Г. Н. Бузук

МНОГОЧАСТОТНЫЙ ИМПЕДАНСНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ПОЧВ В ЛЕКАРСТВЕННОМ РАСТЕНИЕВОДСТВЕ: МЕТОДОЛОГИЯ

г. Витебск, Республика Беларусь

 

В статье предложена новая электрофизическая методика оценки гранулометрического состава и минералогической активности почв. В основу метода положен анализ комплексного сопротивления (импеданса) почв и почвенных экстрактов в диапазоне частот 1–100 кГц с предварительной ультразвуковой обработкой пробы. Введены и обоснованы расчетные индексы: коэффициент частотной дисперсии (kfd), отражающий количественное содержание физической глины, и индекс коллоидности (CI), характеризующий качественную активность двойного электрического слоя. Авторами предложен коэффициент удельной активности Kac = CI / kfd, позволяющий дифференцировать минеральную и органическую составляющие коллоидного комплекса.

Ключевые слова: электрофизика почв, импедансная спектроскопия, двойной электрический слой, ультразвуковая дезагрегация, коэффициент дисперсии, индекс коллоидности, текстура почвы, лекарственные растения.

 

SUMMARY

N. Buzuk

MULTIFREQUENCY IMPEDANCE ANALYSIS OF SOILS IN MEDICINAL PLANT CULTIVATION: METHODOLOGY

The article proposes a novel electrophysical technique for assessing granulometric composition and mineralogical activity of soils. The method is based on the analysis of complex impedance of soil extracts in the 1–100 kHz frequency range preceded by ultrasonic sample treatment. Calculated indices are introduced and substantiated: the frequency dispersion coefficient (kfd) reflecting the quantitative content of physical clay, and the colloidality index (CI) characterizing qualitative activity of the electrical double layer (EDL). The authors propose a specific activity coefficient Kac = CI / kfd enabling differentiation between mineral and organic components of the colloidal complex.

Keywords: Soil electrophysics, impedance spectroscopy, electrical double layer (EDL), ultrasonic disaggregation, dispersion coefficient, colloidality index, soil texture, medicinal plants.

 

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профессор, доктор фармацевтических наук,

Бузук Г. Н.

Поступила 22.12.2025 г.

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