2025-4-90-106

УДК 615.45:615.3
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52540/2074-9457.2025.4.90
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Н. С. Голяк, Я. О. Ракова

РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫЕ МАСЛА КАК ЭКСТРАГЕНТЫ, СПОСОБЫ ИНТЕНСИФИКАЦИИ МАСЛЯНОЙ ЭКСТРАКЦИИ, ФАРМАКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА МАСЛЯНЫХ ЭКСТРАКТОВ

Белорусский государственный медицинский университет, г. Минск, Республика Беларусь

В статье представлены и проанализированы основные физико-химические характеристики масел как экстрагентов биологически активных веществ (БАВ) из лекарственного растительного сырья (ЛРС) и их жирнокислотный состав. Процесс традиционной масляной экстракции методами мацерации, перколяции, реперколяции и анфлеража протекает довольно медленно. В статье рассмотрены основные методы интенсификации процесса экстракции: ультразвуковая экстракция, микроволновая экстракция, экстракция сверхкритическими флюидами и экстракция с предварительной ферментативной обработкой ЛРС. Экспериментальное использование этих методов позволяет ускорить процесс экстрагирования и увеличить выход БАВ по сравнению с традиционными методами. Масла благодаря их физико-химическим свойствам способны экстрагировать широкий спектр БАВ, что позволяет получить масляные экстракты, обладающие различными фармакологическими эффектами, такими как антимикробное, антиоксидантное, фотопротективное, противовоспалительное, регенеративное, антиульцерогенное, пробиотическое и венотонизирующее действие.

Ключевые слова: масляная экстракция, растительные масла, экстрагент, интенсификация процесса масляной экстракции, ультразвуковая экстракция, микроволновая экстракция, экстракция сверхкритическими флюидами, ферментативная обработка, фармакологические свойства масляных экстрактов.

SUMMARY

S. Golyak, Y. O. Rakova

VEGETABLE OILS AS EXTRACTANTS, METHODS OF OIL EXTRACTION INTENSIFICATION, PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF OIL EXTRACTS

This article presents and analyzes the main physicochemical characteristics of oils as extractants for biologically active substances from medicinal plant raw material and their fatty acid composition. The process of traditional oil extraction using maceration, percolation, repercolation, and enfleurage is a relatively slow process. This article discusses the main methods for intensifying the extraction process: ultrasoound extraction, microwave extraction, supercritical fluid extraction and extraction with enzymatic pretreatment of medicinal plant raw material. Experimental use of these methods allows to accelerate the extraction process and increase the yields of biologically active substances compared to traditional methods. Due to their physicochemical properties oils are capable of extracting a wide range of biologically active substances allowing for the production of oil extracts with various pharmacological effects such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, photoprotective, anti-inflammatory, regenerative, anti-ulcerogenic, probiotic, and venotonic effect.

Keywords: Oil extraction, vegetable oils, extractant, oil extraction process intensification, ultrasound extraction, microwave extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, enzymatic processing, pharmacological properties of oil extracts.

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