УДК 631.42:631.41
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52540/2074-9457.2026.2.15
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Г. Н. Бузук
ФАЗОВО-ГИДРОФИЗИЧЕСКАЯ ОЦЕНКА ПОТЕНЦИАЛЬНОЙ И РЕАЛЬНОЙ ТРОФНОСТИ ПОЧВ
г. Витебск, Республика Беларусь
Предложена методика комплексной оценки трофического состояния почв, основанная на фазовом анализе системы «твердая фаза – почвенный раствор – ионная подвижность». Метод сочетает полевой отбор кернов с лабораторным определением плотности сложения, удельного объема набухания и электропроводности. Введен интегральный трофический индекс (ITI), позволяющий количественно разделить потенциальную и реальную трофность почв без применения трудоемких гранулометрических и химических анализов. Установлено, что параметры набухания почвенной матрицы отражают мощность органо-минеральных «чехлов» (потенциальная трофность), в то время как электропроводность характеризует степень мобилизации ионов при увлажнении (реальная трофность). Выявлен эффект «структурного запирания» ресурсов, при котором высокая плотность сложения ограничивает реализацию трофического потенциала. Метод применим для экспресс-диагностики почв различного генезиса, мониторинга деградационных процессов и оценки агроэкологического состояния земель.
Ключевые слова: трофность почв, набухаемость, удельный объем, электропроводность, органо-минеральный гель, интегральный трофический индекс (ITI).
SUMMARY
G. N. Buzuk
PHASE-BASED HYDROPHYSICAL EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL AND ACTUAL TROPHIC STATES OF SOILS
A comprehensive method for evaluating the trophic state of soils is proposed, based on a phase analysis of the system "solid phase – soil solution – ionic mobility". The method integrates field core sampling with laboratory measurements of bulk density, swelling ability specific volume and conductivity. An Integral Trophic Index (ITI) is introduced allowing to quantitatively differentiate between potential and actual soil trophic state avoiding labor-intensive granulometric and chemical analyses. It is stated that swelling ability parameters of the soil matrix reflect thickness of organo-mineral "coatings" (potential trophic state), while conductivity characterizes the degree of ion mobilization upon moistening (actual trophic state). A "structural locking" effect of resources where high bulk density limits soil trophic potential realization was revealed. This method is applicable for express diagnostics of the soils of various genesis, monitoring degradation processes and assessing agro-ecological status of lands.
Keywords: soil trophic state, swelling ability, specific volume, conductivity, organo-mineral gel, Integral Trophic Index (ITI).
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Поступила 15.04.2026 г.